German citizenship requirements 2026: every condition and exception
Translated from the Arabic original. Read in Arabic
This guide puts every requirement for standard naturalisation in Germany (section 10 of the Nationality Act, StAG) in one place, together with the exceptions most websites leave out, the fees, and what happens to your spouse and children. Everything here comes from the text of the law, linked at the bottom. For the practical application steps, see our guide "How to apply for German citizenship".
1. Residence: 5 years, on the right kind of permit
You need 5 years of lawful habitual residence in Germany. The 3-year fast track was abolished on 30 October 2025, so five years is now the minimum for everyone. On the day you apply you must hold a permanent permit (settlement permit or EU long-term residence), an EU Blue Card, or a temporary permit for a purpose that allows a long stay, such as work or family reunification. Permits issued for purposes that are temporary by nature, such as study, vocational training, job seeking, temporary protection and some humanitarian titles, are not enough on their own on the day you apply, although the years spent on them may count towards your residence. If in doubt, ask the naturalisation office about your specific permit.
2. Time abroad: when does the clock reset?
Absences of up to 6 months do not interrupt your habitual residence. Longer absences can reset it, unless you return within a deadline set by the foreigners’ authority. Even after an interruption, up to 3 years of earlier residence can be credited. Keep proof of your travel dates (passport stamps, flight tickets).
3. Supporting yourself: no Bürgergeld, with two key exceptions
You must support yourself and your family without Bürgergeld or social assistance. The law still accepts you despite such benefits in two cases: if you have worked full-time for at least 20 of the last 24 months, or if you are the spouse of such a person and live with a minor child. Kindergeld, Elterngeld and unemployment benefit ALG I are not Bürgergeld and do not count against you.
4. German at B1 and the naturalisation test
You need a B1 language certificate from a recognised provider and the naturalisation test (33 questions, pass with 17 correct). Children under 16 do not need B1, only language development appropriate to their age. People who cannot meet the language or test requirement because of illness, disability or old age are exempt. A German school or university qualification can replace the certificate or the test.
5. Criminal record: what is disregarded?
Minor convictions do not block naturalisation: fines of up to 90 daily rates (Tagessätze), suspended prison sentences of up to 3 months, and youth court measures. Several convictions are added together, and if the total exceeds the limit you may be refused. Any offence with an antisemitic, racist or other inhuman motive blocks naturalisation however small the sentence. Ongoing investigations put the application on hold until they end.
6. Commitment to the constitution
You sign a declaration of commitment to the free democratic order, to Germany’s historical responsibility, the protection of Jewish life and equality between men and women. Polygamous marriage rules out naturalisation. The declaration is a formality in the file, but a false declaration is grounds for revoking citizenship later.
7. Spouse and children: do they need 5 years?
No. Your spouse and minor children can be naturalised with you in the same application even without 5 years of their own residence, as long as they meet the other requirements that apply to them. The spouse of a German citizen can apply after 3 years of residence if the marriage has lasted 2 years.
8. Dual citizenship
Since 27 June 2024 you no longer have to give up your original citizenship. Check your home country’s law, though: some countries automatically withdraw citizenship from anyone who acquires another, or require prior permission.
9. Fees
The fee is €255 per adult and €51 for a minor child naturalised with a parent and without own income. The fee can be reduced or waived for reasons of fairness, for example on a low income or with several children, so request this in writing with your application. Translation, certificate and language-exam costs come on top.
10. How long does it take?
There is no fixed legal deadline. Small towns may take a few months; big cities can take more than a year because of the backlog since the reform. If 3 months pass without any decision on a complete application, you may legally file an action for failure to act (Untätigkeitsklage), but start with a polite reminder letter to the office.
Quick checklist before you apply
5 years’ residence without long absences; a current permit of the right kind; your last 3 to 6 payslips and employment contract; B1 certificate and naturalisation test certificate; a valid passport; birth and marriage certificates with sworn translations; proof of housing and health insurance; and €255 per adult.
This article is general information, not legal or tax advice. Laws change, so check the official sources below or the competent authority for your situation. Found a mistake? Tell us.